A1–B1 түвшний хамгийн чухал дүрэм, алдаа, хэллэг — нэг хуудсанд.
| Эзэн | + | − | ? |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | I'm | I'm not | Am I…? |
| he / she / it | she's | isn't | Is she…? |
| you / we / they | they're | aren't | Are they…? |
Нас, мэдрэмж, мэргэжил, байршил → be. I'm 25. I'm tired.
| I / you / we / they | he / she / it | |
|---|---|---|
| + | I work. | She works. (watches, goes, studies) |
| − | I don't work. | She doesn't work. (-s авахгүй!) |
| ? | Do you work? | Does she work? |
always → usually → often → sometimes → never · үйл үгийн өмнө, be-ийн дараа: I usually walk. She is always late.
| Ойр | Хол | |
|---|---|---|
| Ганц | this | that |
| Олон | these | those |
my · your · his (эр) · her (эм) · its · our · their · Bat's car
| Цаг | Газар | |
|---|---|---|
| at | at 7, at night | at the bus stop |
| on | on Monday, on 5 May | on the table, on the 3rd floor |
| in | in May, in 2025, in the morning | in the box, in Ulaanbaatar |
Wh + do/does + эзэн + үйл үг: Where do you live?
Цаг: 7:15 a quarter past seven · 7:30 half past · 7:45 a quarter to eight
| Цаг | Хэлбэр | Хэзээ | Жишээ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Past Simple | V-ed / V2 · didn't + V · Did … V? | дууссан өнгөрсөн | I went there yesterday. |
| Past Continuous | was / were + V-ing | тасалдсан урт үйл | I was cooking when he called. |
| be going to | am/is/are going to + V | төлөвлөгөө, нотолгоо | Look! It's going to rain. |
| will | will / won't + V | одоо шийдсэн, амлалт, бодол | I'll help you. I think she'll win. |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are + V-ing | товлосон ирээдүй | I'm meeting Bat at 6. |
yesterday · last week · two days ago → Past Simple
| -er than | the -est | |
|---|---|---|
| cheap | cheaper | the cheapest |
| big | bigger | the biggest |
| easy | easier | the easiest |
| expensive | more expensive | the most expensive |
| good / bad | better / worse | the best / worst |
as … as — ижил: not as big as
| Тоологдох | Тоологдохгүй | |
|---|---|---|
| Их | many / a lot of | much / a lot of |
| Жаахан | a few | a little |
| ? | How many? | How much? |
some + / санал · any − ? · тоологдохгүй: water, money, advice, information
| should | зөвлөгөө |
| must | хүчтэй үүрэг |
| have to | гаднаас ирсэн шаардлага (өнгөрсөн: had to) |
| mustn't | ⛔ хориотой |
| don't have to | ✅ шаардлагагүй |
| Present Perfect · have/has + V3 | Past Simple · V2 |
|---|---|
| Туршлага, хэзээ нь чухал биш: I've been to Japan. | Тодорхой цаг: I went to Japan in 2019. |
| Одоо хүртэл: I've lived here for 5 years / since 2020. | Дууссан: I lived there for 5 years. |
| ever · never · just · already · yet | yesterday · last year · ago · in 2019 |
for + хугацааны урт · since + эхэлсэн цэг · Past Perfect had + V3 = бүр өмнө болсон
| Төрөл | If-хэсэг | Үр дүн | Жишээ |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 — үнэн | одоо цаг | одоо цаг | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| 1 — бодит | одоо цаг | will + V | If it rains, I'll stay home. |
| 2 — төсөөлөл | Past Simple (were) | would + V | If I were rich, I'd travel. |
| wish | wish + Past Simple / could | I wish I had more time. | |
⚠️ if · when · unless · as soon as-ийн дараа will ордоггүй
| is/are + V3 | Phones are made in Korea. |
| was/were + V3 | My bike was stolen. |
| has been + V3 | The flight has been cancelled. |
| will be + V3 | Results will be sent. |
| I am agree. | I agree. | agree өөрөө үйл үг |
| I have 25 years. | I'm 25. | нас → be |
| I am student. | I'm a student. | мэргэжлийн өмнө a/an |
| He is my mother. | She is my mother. | эр he / эм she |
| She work here. | She works here. | he/she/it → -s |
| Does she works? | Does she work? | does + үндсэн хэлбэр |
| I tired. | I'm tired. | be мартахгүй |
| many informations | a lot of information | тоологдохгүй |
| I go to home. | I go home. | home-ийн өмнө to үгүй |
| before 3 years | 3 years ago | ago төгсгөлд |
| I like listen music. | I like listening to music. | like + -ing, listen to |
| I didn't went. | I didn't go. | did + үндсэн хэлбэр |
| I live here since 2020. | I've lived here since 2020. | since → Present Perfect |
| If it will rain… | If it rains… | if-хэсэгт will үгүй |
| He said me… | He told me… | tell + хүн |
| more better | better | давхар харьцуулалт үгүй |
| I am boring. (уйдсан) | I'm bored. | хүн -ed, зүйл -ing |
| I married with her. | I married her. | with хэрэггүй |
| You mustn't pay. (үнэгүй) | You don't have to pay. | mustn't = хориотой |
| How much people? | How many people? | тоологдох → many |